PART 2 - PRODUCTS

    2.1 MATERIALS
        2.1.1 Water
        2.1.2 Reagents

PART 3 - EXECUTION

    3.1 STOCKPILES
    3.2 OPERATION
        3.2.1 Weather Conditions
        3.2.2 Dissimilar Materials
        3.2.3 Oversize Material

    3.3 FIELD DEMONSTRATION
        3.3.1 Full-Scale Processing Equipment
        3.3.2 Sampling Locations
        3.3.3 Testing
        3.3.4 Volume Increase
        3.3.5 Field Demonstration Test Results

    3.4 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES
        3.4.1 Batch Proportions
        3.4.2 Segregation
        3.4.3 Quality Control Tests
        3.4.4 Retesting and Reprocessing
        3.4.5 Adjustments to Mix Design
        3.4.6 Quality Assurance Testing

No payment will be made for materials or labor required to reprocess any processed material not meeting the physical and chemical testing requirements outlined in this section. Reprocessed material shall be deducted from the daily production rate.

1. Contractor Experience: Information to demonstrate that the S/S Contractor meets the qualification requirements outlined in Paragraph QUALIFICATIONS.
2. Mix Design: The proposed mix design and method of mixing to be used in treating the contaminated material. The proposed source of water to be used for the S/S process shall also be identified.
3. Equipment: Specifications for the proposed homogenization and mixing equipment, batching equipment, and process control instrumentation. Process flow diagrams, mixing times, and processing rates shall be included. Anticipated pretreatment of the contaminated material shall be identified.
4. Drawings: Drawings indicating dimensions and layout of the S/S system on the site. Drawings shall be to scale.
5. Emissions: Air, dust, and noise emissions from the system shall be identified and estimated. Control systems required to maintain compliance with local, state, and federal regulations shall be described as appropriate. Air, dust, and noise emission testing protocol to be performed during the test run and full scale operations shall also be described.
6. Quality Control: A quality control plan that addresses control and documentation of batch proportions, mixing time, mixing speed, sample collection, sample curing, and post-treatment testing.
7. Demobilization: A post-treatment cleanup and sampling plan for the treatment area.
8. Stockpile Design: A proposed stockpile design, which meets the criteria outlined in this section, if required.

Key Personnel; [_____], [_____]

Resumes of key personnel at least [5] [_____] working days prior to the personnel assuming duties onsite.

Batch Proportions; [_____], [_____]

Daily batch proportion and mixing quality control data.

SD-06 Test Reports

Post Treatment Testing; [_____], [_____]

Results of post-treatment tests performed.

Field Demonstration; [_____], [_____]

The field demonstration report shall include pre-treatment and post-treatment test results and shall document other relevant field demonstration data including but not limited to: batch proportions, mixing time, and mixing speed. Off-gas, dust, and noise emission test results shall also be included.

SD-07 Certificates

Reagents; [_____], [_____]

Reagent composition, certificates of analysis, and Material Safety Data Sheets. A confidentiality agreement may be requested if proprietary reagents are being used.

1.5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

NOTE: The post-treatment testing criteria listed in Table 1 are examples. Chemical and physical test criteria should be determined on a site-specific basis. Post-treatment criteria may be based on federal regulatory criteria, site-specific risk analyses, or site-specific criteria based on state and local regulations.

The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) as specified in EPA SW-846 [_____] shall be performed on representative samples of treated material. The extract shall meet the chemical post-treatment testing criteria listed in Table 1. Chemical testing required in this section shall be conducted in accordance with Section CHEMICAL DATA QUALITY CONTROL [_____]. The treated material shall also meet the physical testing criteria listed in Table 1. The tests listed in Table 1 shall be performed on samples that have been cured for [3] [_____] days.

Table 1. POST-TREATMENT TEST CRITERIA

1.5.1 Disposal of Treated Material

NOTE: Reference the appropriate section that describes requirements for disposal of treated material, including manifests for off-site disposal. Identify onsite disposal locations on the drawings.

The treated material, upon meeting the physical and chemical testing criteria, shall be disposed of as required by Section TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS [_____].

1.5.2 Emission Controls

NOTE: Site specific requirements should be added to this paragraph.

The S/S system shall include control apparatus necessary to meet local, state, and/or federal regulations for air and dust emissions.

1.5.3 Noise Control

NOTE: Different day and night noise restrictions may be appropriate.

The S/S system shall [meet state and local noise pollution control regulations] [not exceed [_____] decibels at any site boundary].

1.6.1 Contractor Experience

The Contractor shall have sucessfully completed at least [5] [_____] S/S projects of comparable size and scope in accordance with local, state, and federal requirements using the proposed process or a similar process.

1.6.2 Key Personnel

Key personnel shall have a minimum of [3] [_____] years of S/S field experience. Key personnel shall include operators, quality control personnel, and supervisory engineering and technical staff involved with the S/S operation.

1.8.1 Mixing Equipment

The mixing equipment shall have a minimum capacity adequate to meet performance and schedule requirements and shall be equipped with positive means for controlling the mix proportions, maintaining the time of mixing constant, and maintaining the appropriate speed of rotation of the mixer.

1.8.2 Reagent Feed Units

A satisfactory means such as, incorporating weighing, metering or volumetric measurement shall be provided to separately batch the required amount of each reagent. Silos and feeders shall be equipped and operated so that no caking of material or variation in feed occurs. Provision shall be made so that each reagent can be easily sampled.

1.8.3 Accuracy of Measurement Equipment

Scales, meters, and volumetric measuring devices used for measuring contaminated material, reagents, and water for the S/S process shall be accurate to plus or minus [0.1] [_____] percent of the quantity being measured. A check of the calibration measuring equipment shall be performed once every [5] [_____] working days.

2.1.1 Water

NOTE: It may be appropriate to require chemical testing of the proposed water source when the water is of questionable quality.

Water shall not contain concentrations of oil, acid, salt, alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious substances that will be detrimental to the successful execution of the S/S treatment. Potable water shall be used where available. The Owner may require the Contractor to perform chemical analyses on representative water samples, if the water appears to be of questionable quality.

2.1.2 Reagents

The chemical composition of reagents used shall be provided to the Owner. A certificate of analysis supplied by the vendor shall accompany each shipping unit of reagent. Reagents shall be shipped in properly labeled containers with instructions for handling and storage. The instructions shall be strictly adhered to.

1. A geomembrane liner with a minimum thickness of 40 mils. The liner shall be protected from vehicles by a [16] [_____] ounce/square yard geotextile and a traffic surface layer consisting of gravel, concrete, or other material that will not damage the geomembrane. The ground surface on which the geomembrane is placed shall be smooth and free of rocks greater than 0.5 inches in diameter or any other object that could damage the geomembrane.
2. The liner shall be sloped to a low point to allow leachate to be collected. Leachate collected from the stockpile shall be analyzed and if necessary, treated to meet applicable local, state, and federal regulations. Leachate collected from the stockpile may be used in the S/S process provided the treated material meets the physical and chemical post-treatment test criteria.
3. A geomembrane cover with a minimum thickness of 10 mils to prevent precipitation from entering the stockpile.
4. Berms surrounding the stockpile shall be a minimum of 12 inches in height.

3.2 OPERATION

3.2.1 Weather Conditions

NOTE: Site-specific conditions should be considered when determining allowable temperatures at which S/S and curing may take place. Treatability studies can be used to address this issue.

S/S shall not take place in an ambient temperature below [40] [_____] degrees Fahrenheit without approval. Provisions shall be made to maintain the temperature of the treated material above freezing while curing. Contaminated material shall not be treated if it contains any frozen material. The temperature of the S/S material immediately after treatment shall not exceed [90] [_____] degrees Fahrenheit without approval. S/S shall not be performed during periods of heavy rainfall if this will result in the addition of excess water to the mixture.

3.2.2 Dissimilar Materials

Dissimilar materials in which testing has indicated different mix ratios are needed, shall not be mixed together.

3.2.3 Oversize Material

NOTE: Indicate the method and location of disposal of treated oversize material.

Contaminated material that exceeds the maximum allowable particle size of the S/S mixing unit and that is amenable to treatment shall be reduced to a size that the mixing unit can accept. Oversized material that cannot be reduced to an allowable size for the S/S unit shall be treated in accordance with [40 CFR 268] [_____]. After treatment, the material shall be disposed of [_____]. Hazardous residual produced in treating the oversized material shall be disposed in accordance with applicable local, state and federal regulations.

3.3 FIELD DEMONSTRATION

Prior to full-scale operations, a field demonstration shall be performed. At least [500] [_____] cubic yards of contaminated material shall be processed and the tests listed in Table 2 shall be performed on [5] [_____] representative samples of the treated material. A field demonstration shall be performed on each distinctive type of material or contaminant to be treated.

3.3.1 Full-Scale Processing Equipment

The full-scale processing equipment shall be used for the field demonstration. Reagents, mix ratios, and mixing procedures used during the field demonstration shall be the same as those used for the remainder of the work.

3.3.2 Sampling Locations

NOTE: Sampling protocols for the field demonstration should be the same as the sampling protocols used for full-scale treatment. Specify the method, location and depth at which samples for the field demonstration will be obtained. Chemical testing should generally be performed to verify that the materials to be used for the field demonstration contain the contaminants of concern at high enough concentrations to adequately test the process. Additional testing may be warranted to verify that the physical properties of the materials are also representative of site conditions.

Contaminated material used for the field demonstration shall be obtained from [_____]. Prior to performing the field demonstration, the contaminated material shall be tested to verify it contains the following minimum levels of the contaminated consitutents: [_____].

3.3.3 Testing

NOTE: Consideration should be given to the need for monitoring off-gas, dust, and noise generation during the field demonstration to ensure compliance with local, state, and federal regulations.

Testing shall be performed to verify that the treated material from the field demonstration meets the specified physical and chemical criteria. If the treated material produced during the field demonstration does not pass the testing requirements, an equal quantity of the same type of material that failed shall be treated using a new mix design or procedure.

3.3.4 Volume Increase

NOTE: The excessive addition of reagents during treatment can result in a greater than anticipated volume increase. Limiting volume increase is important if the treated material is to be placed in an onsite landfill with limited storage space. For this reason, monitoring of volume increase is often done during the treatability study, field demonstration, and/or full-scale treatment. The excessive addition of reagents can also result in higher treatment and off-site disposal costs.

The estimated increase in volume resulting from treatment shall be determined and reported with the field demonstration test results. Volume increase shall be determined by comparing the volume of in situ contaminated material to be treated to the volume of treated material using the following formula:

B= 100 x [(1+R) x (D in situ/D treated) - 1], where

B= Volume increase in percent.

R= Dry weight ratio of solidifying agent to waste.

D in situ = Dry unit weight of in situ waste.

D treated = Dry unit weight of compacted treated material.

3.3.5 Field Demonstration Test Results

NOTE: It is preferable to have the Contractor stop processing contaminated material until results from the field demonstration indicate that the Contractor's proposed mix design can successfully treat the contaminated material.

After completion of the field demonstration, [no additional contaminated material shall be processed until test results from the field demonstration verify that the treated material meets the physical and chemical criteria listed in Table 1] [contaminated material may continue to be processed. However, if test results from the field demonstration do not pass the criteria listed in Table 1, the contaminated material treated with the failing mix design shall be reprocessed with a working mix design at no additional cost to the Owner].

3.4 QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES

NOTE: Leaching and hydraulic conductivity tests are not amenable to real time quality control because of the time required to perform the tests; therefore, it is preferable to minimize the number of leaching and hydraulic conductivity tests performed and to maintain quality control of the S/S process by verifying that the mix design works during the field demonstration and maintaining quality control by monitoring batch proportions and mixing time. Real time indicator tests such as pH, specific conductance, mix temperature, and water content can also be used as quality control tools.

3.4.1 Batch Proportions

Record the mixing time, mixing speed, and amounts of contaminated material, reagents, and water added to each batch. Mixing speed, and batch proportions shall be maintained within the limits specified in the approved Work Plan and as modified during the field demonstration.

3.4.2 Segregation

NOTE: To prevent double handling, it is preferable to place treated material directly into the permanent storage area rather than stockpiling it until post-treatment testing is completed.

Treated material shall be [separated into units (stockpiles) for post-treatment testing. Table 2 lists the frequency at which post-treatment testing shall be performed. Unit size shall be equal to or less than the quantity pertaining to the most frequent quality control test] [placed directly into the permanent storage site after treatment. Treated material shall be placed so the material from specific batches/runs can be defined and removed if it fails post-treatment testing].

3.4.3 Quality Control Tests

NOTE: Samples for post-treatment testing should generally be collected immediately after treatment. This eliminates the need to remove samples from the treated mass after it has cured. If the treated material exhibits soil-like properties, moisture content and density criteria may also need to be specified for the post-treatment test samples. The values shown in Table 2 are examples and need to be determined on a site-specific basis. If required, site-specific testing requirements for off-gas, dust, and noise emissions should also be included in the table.

The tests listed in Table 2 shall be performed on representative samples of treated material. Samples for quality control and quality assurance testing shall be collected immediately after treatment and allowed to cure as specified in ASTM D 4832 or by another approved method. Samples shall meet the post-treatment testing criteria listed in Table 1.

3.4.4 Retesting and Reprocessing

Retesting and reprocessing shall be performed, at no additional cost to the Owner, for treated material that does not meet the physical and chemical requirements listed in Table 1.

3.4.4.1 Retesting

Any unit that fails post-treatment quality control or quality assurance testing shall be retested or reprocessed. If the Contractor elects to retest the unit, two additional samples shall be collected and tested for the failed parameter. If both tests pass, reprocessing of the unit will not be required. If either sample fails, the unit shall be reprocessed.

3.4.4.2 Reprocessing

If the Contractor reprocesses a unit of material, the unit shall be sampled and tested as described in paragraph Quality Control Tests after reprocessing.

3.4.5 Adjustments to Mix Design

Subject to approval, the mix design may be changed based on the characteristics of the material being treated. An additional field demonstration may be required by the Owner prior to implementation of the new mix design.

3.4.6 Quality Assurance Testing

Duplicate samples shall be submitted to the Owner's quality assurance laboratory at a frequency of one set of samples per [10] [_____] sets of quality control tests performed. Quality assurance samples will be tested for the parameters listed in Table 2. The Owner may require additional quality assurance tests as a result of failed quality assurance or quality control tests. The Contracting Officer may also require additional quality assurance tests due to changes in the mix design or physical appearance of the contaminated material.